ABSTRACT
O nevo sebáceo de Jadassohn é hamartoma benigno congênito da pele, mais incidente no couro cabeludo, podendo apresentar-se na face. Devido ao potencial de malignização, sua excisão muitas vezes se faz necessária. Lesões situadas no couro cabeludo constituem desafio ao cirurgião devido às características anatômicas do local, com escassez e inelasticidade da pele adjacente. Neste relato, apresentamos um caso de excisão de nevo sebáceo de Jadassohn no couro cabeludo, com fechamento da ferida operatória por retalho de rotação bilateral, técnica muito simples e versátil, excelente para topografias de difícil reconstrução, como o couro cabeludo.
The nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn is a congenital benign hamartoma of the skin that occurs more frequently in the scalp, but can also arise in the face. Due to its potential for malignization, exeresis is often required. Lesions located in the scalp are challenging to surgeons because of the anatomical characteristics of this body site, namely scarcity and inelasticity of the adjacent skin. In the present report, the authors describe a case of excision of a nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn located in the scalp, using a bilateral rotation flap a very straightforward and versatile technique, excellent for reconstructing difficult topographies such as the scalp for the closure of the surgical wound.
ABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As encefalopatias compõem um grupo heterogêneo de etiologias, onde a pronta e correta atuação médica direcionada à causa da doença, pode modificar o prognóstico do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever os aspectos fisiopatológicos das diferentes encefalopatias bem como seus principais fatores desencadeantes e manuseio clínico.CONTEÚDO: Foram selecionadas as mais frequentes encefalopatias observadas na prática clínica e discutir sua fisiopatologia, bem como sua abordagem terapêutica, destacando: encefalopatia hipertensiva, hipóxico-isquêmica, metabólica, Wernicke-Korsakoff, traumática e tóxica.CONCLUSÃO: Trata-se de uma complexa condição clínica que exige rápida identificação e preciso manuseio clínico com o intuito de reduzir sua elevada taxa de morbimortalidade. O atraso no reconhecimento dessa condição clínica poderá ser extremamente prejudicial ao paciente que estará sofrendo lesão cerebral muitas vezes irreversível.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Encephalopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions, in which the prompt and adequate medical intervention can modify patient prognosis. This paper aims to discuss the pathophysiological aspects of different encephalopathies, their etiology, and clinical management.CONTENTS: We selected the main encephalopathies observed in clinical practice, such as hypertensive, hypoxic-ischemic, metabolic, Wernicke-Korsakoff, traumatic, and toxic encephalopathies, and to discuss their therapeutic approaches.CONCLUSION: This is a complex clinical condition that requires rapid identification and accurate clinical management with the aim of reducing its high morbidity and mortality rates. Delay in recognizing this condition can be extremely harmful to the patient who is suffering from often irreversible brain injury.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/etiology , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Hepatic Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology , Hepatic Encephalopathy/physiopathology , Hypertensive Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Hypertensive Encephalopathy/etiology , Hypertensive Encephalopathy/physiopathology , Wernicke Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Wernicke Encephalopathy/etiology , Wernicke Encephalopathy/physiopathology , Brain Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis , Brain Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Brain Diseases, Metabolic/physiopathology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnosis , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/etiology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/physiopathology , Brain Injury, Chronic/diagnosis , Brain Injury, Chronic/etiology , Brain Injury, Chronic/physiopathologyABSTRACT
to establish the spatial relationship between the surfaces of foramen magnum (FM) and spinal cord (SC) identifying how much of the FM surface is occupied by the SC. Material and methods: 40 normal adults (23 females) with a mean age of 22 yrs (18-25) were evaluated through MRI to evaluate the sagittal and transversal diameter of foramen magnum and spinal cord. The surface area of FM and spinal cord was calculated, in the craniovertebral junction. Results: the sagittal diameter was consistently greater than the transversal diameter in the FM with a mean value of 34.78 mm. On the other hand, the transversal diameter was bigger in the spinal cord, with the mean value of 12.18 mm. The spinal cord occupies 82.93% of the FM surface in the craniovertebral junction. There was no difference between sexes. Conclusions: The better knowledge of craniovertebral junction anatomy is helpful in the neurosurgical planning and in the diagnosis of diseases that present intracranial hypertension.